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Thomas of Galloway, known in Gaelic sources as Tomás Mac Uchtraigh (died 1231), was a Gall-Gaidhil prince and adventurer. The son of Lochlann, king of Galloway, Thomas was an active agent of his brother Alan of Galloway as well as the English and Scottish kings. When King John, the English monarch, decided that central and western Ulster were to be added to his dominions (with the earldom of Ulster already created by John de Courcy), he conscripted Thomas and Alan of Galloway to his aid, offering them much of later counties Antrim, Londonderry and Tyrone as incentive. Thomas had begun his recorded career as a mercenary in Angevin service, and obtained much land in Ireland while gaining several victories with his fleet. In Scotland he obtained from William the Lion marriage to Isabella of Atholl, heiress to the province of Atholl in central Scotland. Although little is otherwise known about his life in Scotland, he was involved in the affairs of Coupar Angus Abbey, while much of his Irish activity coincided with and supported the interests of the Scottish ruling dynasty there in opposing the allies of the MacWilliams. He left one heir in Patrick, mormaer of Atholl, but the latter's premature death at the hands of the Bisset family meant that Thomas's line had failed by the 1240s. ==Background== Thomas was the son of Lochlann mac Uchtraigh (fitz Uhtred ) (died 1200), king of the Gall-Gaidhil, and the brother of Alan of Galloway ().〔Oram, "Thomas (of Galloway )"〕 His mother was Helen de Morville (died 1217), daughter of Richard de Morville, Anglo-Norman lord of Cunninghame and Lauderdale.〔 Alan, being the elder son, became ruler of Galloway after Lochlann's death, and Thomas had to work with his brother and build a career elsewhere.〔Oram, ''Lordship of Galloway'', pp. 113–14〕 The Gall-Gaidhil (modern Scottish Gaelic: ''Gall-Ghàidheil''; ''Gallwedienses'' in Latin) were a Gaelic-speaking people in what is now south-western Scotland who gave their name to Galloway (Gall-Ghàidheillaib, "land of the Gall-Ghàidheil"), and were regarded neither as "Scottish" nor as "Irish" before the 13th century.〔Clancy, "Galloway and the Gall-Ghàidheil", pp. 32–33, ''et passim''; Nishioka, "Scots and Galwegians", pp. 206–32; the term means "Gaelic foreigners"〕 James Balfour Paul, early 20th-century historian of the nobility of Scotland, remarked that Thomas's activities are very poorly documented in the Scottish records compared with those elsewhere.〔Paul, ''Scots Peerage'', vol. i, p. 421〕 Thomas first appears in English records early 1205, receiving gifts from John, King of England, perhaps as a reward for supplying John Galwegian galleys.〔Oram, ''Lordship of Galloway'', p. 114〕 Thomas assisted the English king in his Poitou campaign of 1205, and had perhaps been brought into John's service for this purpose.〔Oram, ''Lordship of Galloway'', p. 114; Oram, "Thomas (of Galloway )"〕 Thomas temporarily acquired various estates and land rights in England—in Northumberland, Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Warwickshire—though he no longer held these lands after 1209.〔Oram, ''Lordship of Galloway'', p. 114; Oram, "Thomas (of Galloway )"; Paul, ''Scots Peerage'', vol. i, p. 420〕 Thomas appears to have raped someone at York in this era, an offence for which he received a royal pardon in 1212 at the request of the Scottish king William the Lion.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thomas of Galloway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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